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Sheep farming in Serra da Estrela is an ancient practice that sustains the local economy and culture while preserving the mountain ecosystem. The sheep of the indigenous Serra da Estrela breed, known for the quality of their milk, produce the region's famous cheese, made by hand and with a unique flavour. Sheep farming is also essential for environmental conservation: by grazing, they help to control the undergrowth and prevent forest fires. The shepherds, guardians of ancient knowledge, live to the rhythm of the hills, valuing sustainability and harmony with nature. Sheep farming in Serra da Estrela is thus a symbol of identity and balance between man and the environment, keeping alive a tradition that enriches Portuguese heritage.